DisplayPort

DisplayPort is a agenda affectation interface developed by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). The interface is primarily acclimated to affix a video antecedent to a affectation accessory such as a computer monitor, admitting it can aswell be acclimated to address audio, USB, and added forms of data.2

The VESA blueprint is a royalty-free band-aid advised to alter VGA, DVI, and LVDS by creating a college accepted for achievement after acute consumers to alter absolute devices. Although DisplayPort supports abundant of the aforementioned functionality as HDMI, it is accepted to accompaniment the interface, not alter it.34

The aboriginal version, 1.0, was accustomed by VESA on May 3, 2006.5 Adaptation 1.1a was accustomed on April 2, 20076 followed by the accepted accepted 1.2 on December 22, 2009.7

Overview

DisplayPort is the aboriginal affectation interface to await on packetized abstracts transmission, a anatomy of agenda advice begin in added technologies like Ethernet, USB, and PCI Express. It supports both centralized and alien affectation connections, and clashing bequest standards area cogwheel pairs are anchored to transmitting a alarm arresting with anniversary output, the DisplayPort agreement is based on baby abstracts packets accepted as micro packets which can bury the alarm arresting aural the abstracts stream. The advantage is a lower amount of pins to accomplish college resolutions.8 The use of abstracts packets aswell allows for DisplayPort to be extensible, acceptation added appearance can be added over time afterwards cogent changes to the interface itself.9

Displayport can be acclimated to address audio and video simultaneously, but anniversary one is alternative and can be transmitted afterwards the other. The video arresting aisle supports 6 to 16 $.25 per blush channel, and the audio aisle supports up to 8 channels of 24 bit 192 kHz uncompressed PCM audio which can abbreviate aeroembolism audio formats in the audio stream.10 A bi-directional, half-duplex abetting approach carries accessory administration and accessory ascendancy abstracts for the Main Link, such as VESA EDID, MCCS, and DPMS standards. In addition, the interface is able of accustomed bi-directional USB signals.11

The DisplayPort arresting is not accordant with DVI or HDMI. However dual-mode ports (marked with a DP++ logo) will address a single-link DVI or HDMI arresting if they ascertain that an alien acquiescent adapter is attached. VGA and dual-link DVI crave alive adapters, which do not crave dual-mode DisplayPorts. VGA adapters are powered by the DisplayPort connector, while dual-link DVI adapters await on an alien ability antecedent (see affinity with HDMI, DVI and VGA).

The DisplayPort adapter supports 1, 2, or 4 cogwheel abstracts pairs (lanes) in a Main Link, anniversary with a raw bit amount of 1.62, 2.7, or 5.4 Gbit/s per lane with self-clock active at 162, 270, or 540 MHz. Abstracts is 8b/10b encoded area anniversary 8 $.25 of advice are encoded with a 10 bit symbol. So the able abstracts ante afterwards adaptation are 1.296, 2.16, and 4.32 Gbit/s per lane (or 80% of the total).

Versions

1.0 to 1.1

DisplayPort 1.0 supports a best of 8.64 Gbit/s abstracts amount over a 2 beat cable.12 DisplayPort 1.1 aswell supports accessories which apparatus another hotlink layers such as cilia optic, acceptance a abundant best ability amid antecedent and affectation after arresting degradation,13 although another implementations are not standardized. It aswell supports HDCP in accession to DisplayPort Content Protection (DPCP).

edit 1.2

DisplayPort adaptation 1.2 was accustomed on December 22, 2009. The a lot of cogent advance of the new adaptation is the acceleration of the able bandwidth to 17.28 Gbit/s, which allows added resolutions, college brace rates, and greater blush depth. Added improvements cover assorted absolute video streams (daisy-chain affiliation with assorted monitors), abutment for stereoscopic 3D, added AUX approach bandwidth (from 1 Mbit/s to 720 Mbit/s), abutment for added blush spaces including xvYCC, scRGB and Adobe RGB 1998, and Global Time Code (GTC) for sub 1 µs audio/video synchronisation. Aswell Apple Inc.'s Mini DisplayPort connector, which is abundant abate and added adapted for laptop computers and added baby devices, is accordant with the new standard.1415161017

Companion standards

Mini DisplayPort (mDP) is a accepted appear by Apple in the fourth division of 2008. Shortly afterwards announcement the Mini DisplayPort, Apple appear that it would authorization the adapter technology with no fee. The afterward year, in aboriginal 2009, VESA appear that Mini DisplayPort would be included in the accessible DisplayPort 1.2 specification.

Embedded DisplayPort (eDP) 1.0 accepted was adopted in December 2008. It aims to ascertain a connected affectation console interface for centralized connections; e.g., cartoon cards to anthology affectation panels.18 It supports avant-garde power-saving appearance including seamless brace amount switching. Adaptation 1.1 was accustomed in October 2009 followed by adaptation 1.1a in November 2009. Adaptation 1.2 was accustomed in May 2010 and supports DisplayPort 1.2 abstracts rates, 120 Hz consecutive blush monitors, and a new affectation console ascendancy agreement that works through the AUX channel.17 Adaptation 1.3 was appear in February 2011; it includes a new Console Self-Refresh (PSR) affection developed to save arrangement ability and added extend array activity in carriageable PC systems.19 PSR approach allows GPU to access ability extenuative accompaniment in amid anatomy updates by including framebuffer anamnesis in the affectation console controller.17

Direct Drive Monitor (DDM) 1.0 accepted was accustomed in December 2008. It allows for controller-less monitors area the affectation console is anon apprenticed by the DisplayPort signal, although the accurate resolutions and blush abyss are bound to 2-lane operation.

Internal DisplayPort (iDP) 1.0 was accustomed in April 2010. The iDP accepted defines an centralized hotlink amid a agenda TV arrangement on a dent ambassador and the affectation panel's timing controller. It aims to alter currently acclimated centralized LVDS lanes with DisplayPort connection.20 iDP appearance different concrete interface and protocols, which are not anon accordant with DisplayPort and are not applicative to alien connection, about they accredit actual top resolution and brace ante while accouterment artlessness and extensibility.17 iDP appearance non-variable 2.7 GHz alarm and is nominally rated at 3.24 Gbit/s abstracts amount per lane, with up to 16 lanes in a bank, consistent in 6-fold abatement in base requirements over LVDS for a 1080p24 signal;10 added abstracts ante are aswell possible. iDP was congenital with artlessness in apperception and it doesn't abutment AUX channel, agreeable protection, or assorted streams; about it does abutment anatomy consecutive and band interleaved stereo 3D.17

Portable Agenda Media Interface (PDMI) is an alternation amid advancing stations/display accessories and carriageable media players, which includes 2-lane DisplayPort v1.1a connection.10 It has been ratified in February 2010 as ANSI/CEA-2017-A.

Wireless DisplayPort is a accepted which will accredit DisplayPort 1.2 bandwidth and affection set for cable-free applications operating in 60 GHz radio band; this was appear on November 2010 by WiGig Alliance and VESA as a accommodating effort.21

Specifications

Technical specifications

Forward hotlink approach with 1 to 4 lanes; able abstracts amount 1.296, 2.16, or 4.32 Gbit/s per lane (total 5.184, 8.64, or 17.28 Gbit/s for a 4-lane link)†.

8b/10b encoding provides DC-balancing and Embedded Alarm aural consecutive approach (10 bit symbols, 20% coding overhead)

Supports RGB (unspecified) and YCbCr (ITU-R BT.601-5 and BT.709-4) blush spaces, 4:4:4 and 4:2:2 blush subsampling

sRGB, Adobe RGB 1998, DCI-P3, RGB XR, scRGB, xvYCC, Y-only, Simple Blush Profile (version 1.2) 17

Supports blush abyss of 6, 8, 10, 12 and 16 $.25 per blush component

Alternative 8-channel audio with sampling ante up to 24 bit 192 kHz, supports encapsulation of audio compression formats

Bidirectional half-duplex AUX channel, 1 Mbit/s (v1.0) or alternative 720 Mbit/s (v1.2)

Supports stereoscopic 3D formats: anatomy consecutive (v1.1a), acreage sequential, side-by-side, top-bottom, band interleaved, pixel interleaved and bifold interface (v1.2) 17

Alternative dual-mode abutment generates TMDS and alarm for single-link DVI/HDMI signaling with a simple line-level about-face dongle.10

Supports up to 63 video and audio streams with time-division carriage multiplexing and hot-plug bandwidth allocation (from adaptation 1.2)

128-bit AES DisplayPort Agreeable Aegis (DPCP) support, and abutment for 40-bit High-bandwidth Digital Agreeable Aegis (HDCP) from adaptation 1.1 onwards.

Supports centralized and alien access so that one accepted can be acclimated by computer makers abbreviation costs.22

†Sample abstracts ante appropriate by assorted affectation resolutions application accepted vertical blanking methods, Gbit/s Resolution × blush abyss @ anatomy amount CVT CVT-R CEA-861-E

1280 × 720 × 24 bpp @ 60 Hz 1.79 1.54 1.78

1920 × 1080 × 24 bpp @ 60 Hz 4.15 3.33 3.56

1920 × 1200 × 30 bpp @ 60 Hz 5.81 4.62 -

2560 × 1600 × 30 bpp @ 60 Hz 10.46 8.06 -

3840 × 2160 × 30 bpp @ 60 Hz 21.39 16.00 -

For RGB and YCbCr 4:4:4 encodings, bpp = 3 × bpc (bits per channel); for YCbCr 4:2:2 subsampling, bpp = 2 × bpc.

edit DRM

DisplayPort 1.0 includes alternative DPCP (DisplayPort Agreeable Protection) from Philips, which uses 128-bit AES encryption. It aswell appearance abounding affidavit and affair key enactment (each encryption affair is independent). There is an absolute abolishment system. This allocation of the accepted is accountant separately. It aswell adds abutment for acceptance the adjacency of the receiver and transmitter, a address advised to ensure users are not bypassing the agreeable aegis arrangement to forward abstracts out to distant, crooked users.

DisplayPort 1.1 added abutment for industry-standard 56-bit HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Agreeable Protection) afterlight 1.3, which has been compromised in September 2010 with the absolution of HDCP adept key.

Comparisons

Compatibility with HDMI, DVI and VGA

Dual-mode DisplayPort

Dual-mode pin mapping DisplayPort pins DVI 1.0/HDMI mode

Main Hotlink Lane 0 TMDS Approach 2

Main Hotlink Lane 1 TMDS Approach 1

Main Hotlink Lane 2 TMDS Approach 0

Main Hotlink Lane 3 TMDS Clock

AUX CH+ DDC Clock

AUX CH- DDC Data

DP_PWR DP_PWR

Hot Plug Detect Hot Plug Detect

Config 1 Cable Adaptor Detect

Config 2 CEC (HDMI only)

Dual-mode DisplayPort can anon afford single-link HDMI and DVI signals application a simple acquiescent adapter that adjusts for the lower voltages appropriate by DisplayPort.323 If dual-mode chipset detects that a DVI or HDMI acquiescent adapter is attached, it switches to DVI/HDMI approach which uses the 4-lane capital DisplayPort hotlink and the AUX approach hotlink to address 3 TMDS signals, a Clock arresting and Affectation Abstracts Approach data/clock. Dual-mode ports are apparent with the DP++ logo; a lot of accepted DisplayPort cartoon cards and monitors abutment this mode.10

A notable limitation is that dual-mode can alone address single-link DVI/HDMI, as the amount of pins in the DisplayPort adapter is bereft for dual-link connections; an alive advocate is bare for Dual-Link DVI (and analog basic video such as VGA, back it employs agenda to analog conversion). Alive about-face can be powered by +3.3 V wire in the DisplayPort connector, but some alive adapters crave alien power.24

VESA foresees that all HDMI and DVI about-face will eventually be handled by alive adapters which act as DisplayPort Sink devices, in adjustment to facilitate easier updates to latest HDMI and DisplayPort specs, and abutment dual-link HDMI,10 DisplayPort access with either beneath than 4 lanes or altered abstracts rates, and assorted DisplayPort streams. It should be acclaimed that DVI 1.0 blueprint was accomplished in 1999 and the DVI industry bunch has back disbanded, so approaching updates to DVI blueprint are unlikely; also, although dual-link HDMI Type B adapter is authentic in the HDMI specification, it has not apparent any applied use as of 2012.

edit Advantages over DVI, VGA and LVDS

This commodity contains anchored lists that may be ailing defined, counterfeit or indiscriminate. Please advice to apple-pie it up to accommodated Wikipedia's superior standards. (November 2010)

In December 2010 it was appear that several computer vendors and affectation makers including Intel, AMD, Dell, Lenovo, Samsung and LG would activate phasing out abutment for LVDS, VGA and DVI-I over the next few years affective advanced with developing technologies DisplayPort and HDMI as their replacements.2526. One notable barring to the account of manufacturers is Nvidia, who has yet to advertise any affairs apropos approaching abutment of bequest interfaces.

Legacy interfaces such as VGA, DVI and LVDS accept not kept pace, and newer standards such as DisplayPort and HDMI acutely accommodate the best connectivity options affective forward. In our opinion, DisplayPort 1.2 is the approaching interface for PC monitors, forth with HDMI 1.4a for TV connectivity.

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AMD, Dell, Intel Corporation, Lenovo, Samsung Electronics and LG. Dec 8, 2010.27

DisplayPort has several advantages over VGA, DVI and LVDS.

Opencitation needed (except HDCP), royalty-free and adaptable accepted to advice ample adoption

Beneath lanes with anchored self-clock, bargain EMI with abstracts scrambling and advance spectrum mode

Based on a micro-packet protocol

Allows simple amplification of the accepted with assorted abstracts types

Flexible allocation of accessible bandwidth amid audio and video

Assorted video streams over individual concrete affiliation (version 1.2)

Long-distance manual over another concrete media such as optical cilia (version 1.1a)

Supports top resolution displays and assorted displays with a individual cable

17.28 Gbit/s of able video bandwidth, abundant for acknowledging 4 accompanying 1080p60 displays (CEA-861 timings) or 2,560 × 1,600 × 30 bit @120 Hz (CVT-R timings)note 1

Designed to abutment centralized chip-to-chip communication

Aimed at replacing centralized LVDS links to affectation panels with a unified hotlink interface

Compatible with low-voltage signaling acclimated with sub-nanometer CMOS fabrication

Can drive affectation panels directly, eliminating ascent and ascendancy circuits and acceptance for cheaper and slimmer displays

Hotlink training with adjustable amplitude and preemphasis adapts to differing cable lengths and arresting quality

Bargain bandwidth manual for 15 beat cable (at atomic 1920x1080p60, 24 bpp)

Full bandwidth manual for 2 beat cable

High-speed abetting approach for DDC, EDID, MCCS, DPMS, HDCP, adapter identification etc. traffic

Can be acclimated for transmitting bi-directional USB, touch-panel data, CEC, etc.

Self-latching connector

edit Comparison with HDMI

Although DisplayPort supports abundant of the aforementioned functionality as HDMI, it is accepted to accompaniment the HDMI interface, not alter it.34 DisplayPort can afford HDMI video and audio application acquiescent adapters affiliated to Dual-mode ports, and supports HDCP agreeable aegis acclimated in the HDMI standard.

Most of DisplayPort's supporters are computer companies including Apple, Dell, HP, Lenovo, Fujitsu, Toshiba and Acer, which intend DisplayPort to alter DVI, VGA and LVDS in their computers and monitors.

DisplayPort is currently ability free, while the HDMI ability is 4 cents per accessory and has an anniversary fee of $10,000 for top aggregate manufacturers.28 HDMI Licensing counters by claiming that "royalty-free" does not necessarily beggarly free, and that the DisplayPort blueprint makes it accessible to appeal advantage from any article that accouterments the technology.29 DisplayPort has added than alert the bandwidth with up to 21.6 Gbit/s30 (17.28 Gbits/s with aerial removed) as against to HDMI's 10.2 Gbits/s31 (8.16 Gbits/s with aerial removed), and can allotment this bandwidth with assorted streams of video and audio to abstracted devices.32

DisplayPort in built-in approach lacks some appearance present in HDMI, such as abutment for the xvYCC blush amplitude (added in DisplayPort adaptation 1.2) and Customer Electronics Ascendancy (CEC) commands, which acquiesce to ascendancy assorted accessories through a individual remote;3334 VESA asserts that CEC commands can be transmitted over the AUX approach if needed.1032 HDMI uses different Vendor Specific Block anatomy which allows for specific appearance such as added blush spaces, about these can be authentic by CEA EDID extensions.

edit Products

Left-hand ancillary connectors on a Lenovo X220 laptop. From larboard to right, top to bottom: USB 3.0 host, VGA connector, Multi-mode DisplayPort connector, ExpressCard slot, USB 2.0 host

Since its addition in 2006, DisplayPort has boring acquired acceptance aural the computer industry, and as of 2010, DisplayPort connectors are featured on abounding clear cards, displays, and anthology computers.

edit ATI/AMD

AMD Cartoon Product Group (former ATI Technologies) was the aboriginal aggregation to absolution customer articles with a DisplayPort alpha with their 790G chipset and Radeon HD 2000 alternation cartoon cards. The aboriginal were apparent at AMD's Technology Analyst Day on July 25, 2007. AMD after implemented the DisplayPort on the GPU dent in Radeon HD 3600 and HD 3400 cartoon products, apparent at AMD Financial Analyst Day on 13 December 2007. These articles accustomed DisplayPort acceptance from VESA in March 2008.35

In 2008, DisplayPort connectors were featured on abounding cartoon cards based on the ATI/AMD HD 4000 series. In 2009, the HD 5000 alternation cartoon cards congenital a DisplayPort adapter as a accepted feature, forth with two Dual-link DVI connectors and a HDMI connector. The Eyefinity versions can backpack up to six Mini DisplayPort connectors.36 Abutment for DisplayPort audio was alien by AMD in the Catalyst 9.12 hotfix.37

As of February 2011, the latest HD 6000 alternation cartoon cards affection abutment for DisplayPort 1.2, acceptance daisy-chaining assorted monitors from the aforementioned connector. A DisplayPort hub absolute three Dual-link DVI connectors is aswell available.

edit Apple

On 14 October 2008, Apple alien several articles featuring a Mini DisplayPort38 as the sole video connector. This adapter was proprietary at that time. Later, with versions 1.1a and 1.2 of the specification, it became allotment of the standard. Amid October 2009 and February 2011, all Mac models affection Mini DisplayPort connector; during that time iMac, MacBook, MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, and Xserve models acclimated Mini DisplayPort as their sole video achievement while the Mac Mini and Mac Pro models had both a Mini DisplayPort and either a DVI anchorage (Mac Pro) or an HDMI anchorage (Mac Mini). On February 24, 2011 MacBook Pros began shipment with Thunderbolt (known ahead by Intel codename Light Peak) which provides both DisplayPort and PCI Express functionality in a individual port. On May 3, 2011 Apple alien their aboriginal iMac calendar with Thunderbolt congenital in. The iMac 21 in (53 cm) accustomed one and the iMac 27 in (69 cm) accustomed two Thunderbolt ports.

Apple's 24 in (61 cm) and 27 in (69 cm) LED Cinema Displays affection Mini DisplayPort connector. The 27-inch iMac alien in 2009 accustomed the Mini DisplayPort to act as an input, axis the iMac into a standalone display.39 2011 iMacs abutment this 'Target Affectation Mode' via the Thunderbolt port, but alone if the antecedent is aswell able with Thunderbolt.40

edit Dell

A abstraction adviser by Dell implementing DisplayPort was approved in aboriginal May 2007.41

The Dell 3008WFP 30-inch (76 cm), appear in January 2008 was the aboriginal adviser to abutment DisplayPort.4243 The Dell 2408WFP 24-inch (61 cm) followed in April 2008.44 Abounding added Dell monitors aswell action the DisplayPort interface, including four of their 'Professional' alternation and 5 of their 'UltraSharp' alternation monitors.45

edit Hewlett Packard

The HP Elite L2201 21.5-inch (55 cm) appear in June 2011 is the aboriginal adviser from Hewlett Packard to address with a DisplayPort as the primary (and only) agency of connectivity.46 HP EliteBook laptops accommodate both a VGA and a DisplayPort connector.

edit Lenovo

Lenovo offers DisplayPort connectors on some models.